protonema meaning in Hindi

Examples

1. He directly observed the germination of spores and formation of the protonema.
2. The tip continues to divide new cells, which produces a thalloid protonema.
3. Instead, they regenerate directly into the filamentous protonema, mimicking a germinating moss spore.
4. In either case, the protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a hornwort.
5. As a result of fertilization a protonema is formed, from which the sexually reproducing algae develops.
6. From the protonema grows the adult gametophyte, which is the persistent and independent stage in the life cycle.
7. Aside from this character, the unique branching, thallose ( flat and expanded ) protonema, and explosively rupturing sporangium place it apart from other mosses.
8. It is the adult form of the haploid gametophyte and develops from the juvenile form, the protonema, under the influence of phytohormones ( mainly cytokinins ).
9. To ensure a maximum growth rate, the moss is kept at the protonema stage by continuous mechanical disruption, e . g . by using rotating blades.
10. Andreaeopsida and Andreaeobryopsida are distinguished by the biseriate ( two rows of cells ) rhizoids, multiseriate ( many rows of cells ) protonema, and sporangium that splits along longitudinal lines.