proerythroblast meaning in Hindi

Examples

1. During in vitro erythropoesis, LW appears at either the erythroid colony forming stage or later at the proerythroblast stage.
2. The marginal overall increase in the foetal stage is dwarfed by its sudden increase in expression solely during adult definitive proerythroblast formation.
3. Most of the expression is in the proerythroblast ( P ) stage, and a minor amount in the basophilic erythroblast ( B ) stage.
4. It is minimally expressed in the primitive and fetal definitive erythroid cells, but is highly expressed in adult definitive erythroid cells, particularly in the proerythroblast and the orthochromatic normoblasts.
5. Subsequent differentiation stages ( proerythroblast to orthochromatic erythroblast ) involve a decrease in cell size and eventual expulsion of the nucleus, and are likely dependent upon EpoR signaling only for their survival.
6. As FANCA is also linked to cell-cycling and its progression from G2 phase, the stage impaired in megaloblastic anaemia, its expression in definitive proerythroblast development may be an upstream determinant of erythroid size.
7. One study observed that the oncogene had a detrimental effect on the differentiation of HSCs, especially in the erythroid lineage, as proerythroblast colonies derived in vitro from mutated HSCs were fewer in number when compared to those derived from control HSCs, regardless of growth factors such as erythropoietin and interleukins which were introduced into the cultures.
8. In vivo, starting with the proerythroblast stage, erythroid cells undergo several more cell divisions while at the same time upregulating survival genes such as Bcl-xL, acquiring and storing large amounts of iron, ramping up the synthesis of hemoglobin and other erythroid genes ( in large part a GATA-1 dependent process that is augmented by the EpoR signaling ) and decreasing in cell size, eventually removing their nuclei and being released into the bloodstream as a reticulocyte.