stripped sentence in Hindi

Examples

1. These profiteers have sometimes been stripped of their domain name altogether.
2. Actually, Martin rides the most stripped-down of models.
3. In the downstairs bathroom, decrepit walls were stripped to brick.
4. But at least it's a stripped-down version.
5. After Stockton stripped Kerr, Hornacek buried a trey in transition.
6. They are thoroughbred, stripped-down, in the zone.
7. Inside are those who have stripped life to its bare essentials.
8. When the water rushed in, it stripped my clothing off,
9. In July the House stripped the gag rule 226 to 178.
10. Just like that, he had stripped Hoffman of his invincibility.