photon flux in a sentence
Examples
- For smaller photon fluxes, the photomultiplier can be operated in photon-counting, or Geiger, mode ( see also Single-photon avalanche diode ).
- Since the objective lenses of microscopes focus the laser beam to several micrometres in diameter, the resulting photon flux is much higher than achieved in conventional Raman setups.
- Then the photon flux density ( watts per metre squared usually ) of the transmitted or reflected light is measured with a photodiode, charge coupled device or other light sensor.
- However its total photon flux is several times lower than that of the main ring and is more strongly concentrated near the ring plane than in the forward-scattered light.
- The amount of isoprene released from isoprene-emitting vegetation depends on leaf mass, leaf area, light ( particularly photosynthetic photon flux density, or PPFD ) and leaf temperature.
- The same information about photosynthetically active radiation can be conveyed using the SI convention by stating something such as, " The photon flux was 1500 ?mol m " 2 s " 1 ".
- However, the high photon flux can also cause sample degradation, and for this reason some setups require a thermally conducting substrate ( which acts as a heat sink ) in order to mitigate this process.
- If the exact spectrum of the light is known, the photosynthetic photon flux density ( PPFD ) values in & mu; mol / s can be modified by applying different weighting factor to different wavelengths.
- Therefore plant biologists often quantify PAR using the number of photons in the 400-700 nm range received by a surface for a specified amount of time, or the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ( PPFD ).
- Photomultiplier-amplified photocurrents can be electronically amplified by a high-input-impedance electronic amplifier ( in the signal path subsequent to the photomultiplier ), thus producing appreciable voltages even for nearly infinitesimally small photon fluxes.